by now

• 到如今； 至此

by now的英文翻译是什么意思，词典释义与在线翻译：

参考翻译

• 到现在

by now的用法和样例：

例句

1. He loathed them by now with the particular venom.
   到如今见了他们，他感到无比厌恶。
2. You've been chewing on this affair now a long time.
   你到如今已经考虑这事好久啦。
3. By now optimism had given way to doubt.
   至此，人们不再乐观，反而疑虑重重。
4. The task forces now shot forward in all directions.
   至此，各方面的工作小组都迅速成立了起来。