To achieve high reliability, checkpointing and rollback-recovery techniques for distributed computing systems have been developed and discussed for over two decades. 为了使得分散式计算系统具有高可靠度，查核点与错误回复技术发展迄今以逾二十年。
More and more powerful laptop computers and PDAs, which are equipped with wireless communication interfaces, become possible participants of a distributed computing application. 愈来愈多具备有无线通讯介面的笔记型电脑或个人数位助理已拥有强大的计算能力，足以作为参与分散式计算的一员。
