Ultimate load designs according to the yield-line or strip methods do not guarantee safety against cracking or excessive deformation. 接屈服線法或條帶法的極限荷載設計不能完全保證抗裂或防止過度變形。
A new flow rule was recommended, and it offered a new way for obtaining the approximate solution of the ultimate load with the theorem. 並建議了一種新的流動法則，對應用定理求極限荷載的近似解給出了新的解題思路。
The smallest load capable of maintaining the bar in a slightly bent form is called the critical or bucking load. 使桿保持稍微彎曲形狀的最小載荷稱為臨界載荷或臨界壓曲載荷。
