ALAN E.RUBIN is a geochemist at the University of California, Los Angeles, whose research has focused on shock effects in meteorites and the nature and origin of their chondrules. 魯賓是美國加州大學洛杉磯分校的地球化學家，他的研究著重於隕石中的衝擊效應及球粒的性質及來源。
This Paper also finds that a depreciation shock in the Tokyo foreign exchange market has a greater effect on volatilities than an appreciation shock. 同時，本研究也發現東京外匯市場日內報酬波動受貶值衝擊影響效果大於升值效果，驗證東京外匯市場日內報酬波動存在不對稱效果。
