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- Some authors have suggested that BHs grow before galaxy formation. 一些学者认为黑洞的成长先于星系的形成。
- Is it a universal phenomenon representing a stage prior to galaxy formation? 它是代表了星系形成前某一阶段中的一种宇宙现象吗?
- To understand galaxy formation we would like to think of gravitation. 为了理解星系的形成，我们总要想到万有引力。
- Over the past two decades, astronomers have painstakingly developed a model of galaxy formation based on CDM. 过去20年来，天文学家辛苦建立了一个奠基于CDM的星系形成模型。
- However, in both of them, BHs are a necessary ingredient in our understanding of galaxy formation. 然而，无论是哪一个黑洞都是解释星系形成的必需品。
- How much of the mass is accreted before, during, and after galaxy formation remains to be seen. 黑洞在星系形成之前、之中、之后增长了多少质量仍待研究。
- Because in the roiling cauldron of activity that governs galaxy formation, some stars go supernova. 宇宙这口不断搅动的大锅控制着星系的形成，有些星体转变成了超新星。
- To understand the first light of the universe, we really have to include the role of these supermassive black holes in galaxy formation. 为了了解宇宙的第一个光线，我们真的要把特大质量的黑洞在星系形成过程中所承担的角色考虑近来。
- Such dust might be hiding deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen, and stymieing astronomers' efforts to study star and galaxy formation. 这大团的尘埃中可能含有氘(氢元素的同位素)，恰好妨碍了天文学家们研究恒星和星系形成过程的一切努力。
- This combined observational and theoretical effort should shed light on various mysteries that now plague the theory of galaxy formation. 星系形成理论目前饱受各种谜题折磨，这项结合观测与理论的成果，应该能为它带来一点曙光。
- It screams at you something that you don't yet understand about the connection between galaxy formation and black hole formation. 这种关系引出超凡的概念：星系与其巨大的黑洞可能是在产生的时候联系在一起的。
- If the existence of this dark galaxy is confirmed, it provides strong evidence for the theory of galaxy formation and pose problems for alternative explanations of dark matter. 假如这个暗星系存在得到证实的话，它就为星系信息理论和造成暗物质可选择解释的问题提供了强有力的证据。
- Cosmologists continue to debate how the expansion got going and what transpired early on, but these uncertainties do not matter greatly for galaxy formation. 宇宙学家仍不断辩论膨胀到底是如何进行的、还有最初发生了什麽事，但是这些问题与星系形成的关系不大。
- Now, the sharpest-ever visible-light images taken by Hubble are also helping astronomers confirm decades-old theories behind the fundamental processes of galaxy formation and evolution. 现在，由哈勃拍摄的光线最清晰的图像正帮助天文学家们证实数十年来有关星系形成和进化的基本过程的旧理论。
- Now,the sharpest-ever visible-light images taken by Hubble are also helping astronomers confirm decades-old theories behind the fundamental processes of galaxy formation and evolution. 现在，由哈勃拍摄的光线最清晰的图像正帮助天文学家们证实数十年来有关星系形成和进化的基本过程的旧理论。
- In the fields of galaxy formation, inflationary and quantum cosmology, and superstring unification, the book provides important overviews written by workers involved in the many advances described. 在星系形成，膨胀和量宇宙学领域， 以及超线统一，书提供被涉及描述的很多发展的工人写的重要的概述。
- These results have profoundly changed astronomers' views of BHs: More than just exotica needed to explain rare AGNs, BHs are becoming an integral part of our understanding of galaxy formation. 这些结果深深地改变了天文学家对黑洞的认识：比解释活动星系核更吸引人的是，黑洞正成为解释星系形成必需的一部分。
- We also know that some BH mass is accreted after galaxy formation, because low-level AGN activity has been observed in some old galaxies. 同时我们也知道在星系形成之后，一些黑洞的质量仍在增长，因为在一些年长的星系中仍观测到有低水平的活动星系核活动。
- In the current paradigm of galaxy formation, disk galaxies are assumed to form by the cooling and condensation of baryons within dark matter halos. 目前的星系形成理论认为，盘状星系由暗晕中的重子物质冷却并坍缩而成。
- All previous ideas of galaxy formation had assumed that gas in the early Universe simply condensed to form stars and galaxies. 所有先前的星系形成观点都假设：在早期的宇宙中气体凝结形成了行星和星系。
