The latter are always wrapped in public key certificates. 後者一直包裝在公鑰證書中。
Subjects can be identified by either the issuer and serial number of their public key certificate or by the key identifier of their public key certificate. 可由主題的公鑰證書的頒發者和序列號或由公鑰證書的密鑰標識符對主題進行標識。