The author analyzes the instrumental view on this topic firstly, and then points out its limitations with regard to both the theoretical standpoint and methodology. 作者分析了工具性觀點論者在這一問題上的立場，指出其觀點在立足點和方法論上的缺陷。
Both of them understand the eco-ethics externally.This makes the eco-ethics be instrumental and deviate from the aim of humankind, or even enslave them. 二者對生態倫理都做了外在化的理解，使生態倫理脫離人的內在目的或者成為工具性存在，或者成為奴役人的存在。
