There are 4 end members of volcanic clasts, including catapult airfall, ejection airfall, base surge and volcanic clasts flow.

• 与火山作用有关岩相有4种端元的火山碎屑岩相：弹射坠落爆发空落相、喷射降落爆发空落相、热碎屑流相和热基浪相。