The surgery still requires cutting, through the wall of the vagina, stomach or colon, but doctors say it should hurt less because those tissues are far less sensitive than the abdominal muscles.

• 手术仍然需要切口，如经阴道、胃或结肠，但医生说这样带来的创伤会更小，应为这些组织比腹肌要不敏感得多。