The principle of retrial against punishment of aggravation can keep the authority of judgments, protect defendants basic right and realize the maximum efficiency of processes.

• “再审不加刑”维护了判决的既判力和权威性,有利于保障刑事被告的基本权利和实现诉讼效益的最大化,我国刑事再审程序应以相对不加刑模式尽快确立此原则。