The nanoparticle adhesives could also help replace the polyvinyl acetate, PVA, and polyvinyl alcohol, PVOH, used to help laminate graphics onto cardboard.

• 纳米粒子粘合剂而且还能够替代多乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇（PVA和PVOH）等，将图案碾压到纸板上。