The most widely used ones are caustic soda, silicates( especially sodium metasilicate, which is a very powerful emulsifier), trisodium phosphate( the well-known TSP), sodium polyphosphates and sodium bicarbonate.

• 使用最广的有氢氧化钠、酸盐（别是偏硅酸钠，是一种强有力的乳化剂）磷酸三钠（名的tsp）多磷酸钠及碳酸氢钠。