Methods The ligamentous, nonlinear, three-dimensional finite element models of normal upper cervical spine (C0-C3) and type II odontoid fracture were developed and validated.

• 方法建立具有详细解剖结构的上颈椎(C0-C3)及寰枢椎不稳定(齿状突II型骨折)的有限元模型并验证其有效性。