In the early 18th century, the Chinese Rites Controversy among the Christian missionaries developed into a cultural conflict between the royal court of the Qing Dynasty and the European rites represented by Vatican.

• 18世纪初期,在传教士内部发生的“礼仪之争”已经演化为清王朝和梵蒂冈所代表的欧洲礼仪文化之间的冲突。