In the Schechter and Panama Refining decisions, the Court placed considerable emphasis on the fact that the statutes did not require the agency to use fair and open administrative procedures.

• 在“谢切特”案和“巴拿马炼油”案的裁决里，最高法院把相当多的重点放在法规没有要求管理机关利用公正和公开的行政程序这一事实上。