Greater temperature gradient and higher thermal stress were the main reason that caused the failure of the exit surface of the CWS ceramic nozzle.

• 根据对陶瓷水煤浆喷嘴磨损形貌、温度分布和热应力的分析，得出陶瓷水煤浆喷嘴出口处较大的温度梯度和热应力是导致其出现破损和脱落的主要原因。