Conclusion The presence of tumor protrusion and extrahepatic invasion are closely related to tumor rupture and can be used in predicting spontaneous rupture and hemorrhage in HCC.

• 结论肿瘤外凸和肝外受侵与肝细胞癌自发性破裂出血有密切的相关性，可作为预测肿瘤破裂的指征。