Besides, China tend to compete with most ASEAN member in the affluent Asian markets, such as Japan and Singapore, as revealed by the calculated overall bilateral complementarity (OBC).

• 通过测算国家间贸易互补性系数(OBC)发现，中国的贸易结构与日本、新加坡、马来西亚存在互补性，但与其余东亚国家和地区呈现竞争关系。