Because of the special pollination mutualism ecology and the minute pollen size of Ficus, anther/ovule ratio (A/O) substitutes for P/O to explore their pollination ecology and phylogeny.

• 因榕属植物独特之共生授粉生态系统及花粉粒极小之因素，本文藉由计数花药-胚珠比取代花粉-胚珠比来探讨榕属植物与榕果小蜂之授粉生态与系统分类等问题。