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- This paper presents a cutter location path generation algorithm for 5-axis NC machining of freeform surfaces with torus-shaped endmill. 该方法利用曲面的曲率来确定环形刀的刀具姿态，使得刀具随被加工曲面的形状变化而倾斜，从而生成无干涉的刀位轨迹。
- Another type of modeling technique is 'surfacing' (Freeform surface modeling). 另一个曲面造型很有优势的例子是车身面板。
- The ruled surfaces were used to approximate the freeform surface of blade,attention was focused on the 5-axis plunge milling of blisk's tunnel. 针对整体叶盘等复杂结构件,从锻造毛坯到最终零件加工成形,需要切除大量的多余材料的问题,提出了一种开式整体叶盘通道的五坐标插铣粗加工方法。
- Reconstruction and copying machining of existing freeform surface are one of key technology in reverse engineering. 现有自由曲面的重建与仿形制造是反求工程中的关键技术之一。
- A flexible rolling device for the freeform surface parts was developed and its experimental test was performed. 进而提出了采用可弯曲、可调整柔性辊的多点滚压成形技术；
- The test result indicated the fitting precision of freeform surface was enhanced distinctly by this network model. 实验结果表明该网络模型使得曲面的拟合精度有了明显提高。
- The algorithm of interference-free cutter position for 5-axis side milling of freeform surface is proposed. 4.;对于自由曲面叶片，提出一种平底棒铣刀无干涉刀位轨迹生成算法。
- A dynamic freeform surface model which is useful for representing a broad class of objects with symmetries and topological variability is developed. 建立了用于表达具有对称性和拓扑变化的一大类物体的动态的、自由表面模型。
- Further more, the smooth circular groove surface is given based on the sweep theory of the freeform surface and the roll's topological configuration. 在此基础上,根据自由曲面扫描生成原理和环孔轧辊实体间的拓扑结构,生成了光顺的环状孔型工作面。
- When a freeform surface is being milled, the interference may exist anywhere around the cutter circumference, in addition to the tool-driving plane. 加工自由曲面时，刀具干涉可能出现在包括刀具驱动面在内的刀具周围任何区域。
- Thus such research work as the measuring, modeling, manufacturing and quality assessment of freeform surface parts is of great importance in modern manufacturing industry. 所以，对自由曲面零件进行三维几何形状测量、数学建模和数控加工及产品表面质量评定具有重要的现实意义。
- Moreover, the technology of forming the freeform surface parts by adopting the multipoint roll forming technology using bendable, adjustable and flexible rollers is presented. 进而提出了采用可弯曲、可调整柔性辊的多点滚压成形技术；
- The mathematic model for freeform surface reversing design and the main modeling functions of the generative surface design in CATIA are briefly presented. 并简述了车身曲面逆向设计拟合方法的数学模型和CATIA软件创成式曲面设计模块的主要功能。
- A non-contact measurement method of freeform surface was proposed,which is realized through integration of NC(numerical-controlled) machine tools and laser probe. 提出了一种在数控机床上集成激光测头以实现对自由曲面零件非接触式测量的方法。
- The reflector of a freeform headlamp is a freeform surface which cannot be defined by mathematical functions and the design of which has always been a difficulty in the process of headlamp design. 自由曲面前照灯的反射器是无法用数学方程来描述的自由曲面，其设计一直是前照灯设计中的一个难点。
- In order to enhance the machining efficiency of a large symmetrical freeform surface,this paper put forward a new concept of symmetrical machining(SM),analyzed the characteristics of SM. 为了提高大型对称自由曲面的加工效率,提出了一种新型的对称加工方法,并分析了对称加工的特点。
- Asphalt is used for making road surfaces. 沥青常用于铺路。
- A method for modeling freeform surface is presented based on fuzzy inference techniques and the interpolation algorithm of numerical control for freeform surface is studied in the paper as well. 本文根据模糊推理技术，提出了一种自由曲面的建模方法，并对其数控加工的插补算法进行了研究。
- In the paper a method for direct extraction of boundary from point clouds of freeform surface is proposed by taking the point clouds of the glass cabin cover of a battle plane as an example. 该方法不仅具有较高的运算效率，达到了系统的实时性要求，而且能够比较精确地表达曲面的边界特征。
- The paper studies the current research status of measurement path planning, surface reconstruction of measured points and integrated technology oriented to the reverse engineering of freeform surface. 从自由曲面测量规划、测点数据曲面重建、测量加工一体化技术等方面综述了面向自由曲面的反求工程研究现状。
