They were members of what was called the Ash Can School of realistic painting. 他們是寫實繪畫的煙灰缸畫派中的成員。
Contrary to the realistic watercolor paintings of folk houses, the oil paintings focus on the interior spiritual world. 與用水彩來表達對外在世界感受的民居寫實繪畫相反,油畫偏重於描述內心世界。