A simple normal or direct stress produces a certain elongation or contraction of the material. 單純的正應力使材料產生一定的伸長或縮短。
The condition of uniaxial stress is closely approximated in prismatic bars subjected to pure axial tensile or compressive ioading. 承受單純軸向拉伸和壓縮的稜柱桿十分近似地處於單軸的應力狀態。
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