Mangrove forests replace salt marsh in tropical regions and support a rich fauna. 紅樹林在熱帶區域取代了鹽水沼澤,並且支持了豐富的動物區系。
Extinction and colonization account for the depauperate flora and fauna of islands when compared to the adjacent mainland. 當與鄰近大陸對照的時候,滅絕和移殖過程說明了島嶼植物區系和動物區系的衰亡。