Smith was subpoenaed as a witness to appear in the circuit court. 史密斯被傳喚作為證人在巡迴法院出庭。
Likewise, in the federal system, a Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals decision would not have any precedential effect on another circuit court appeal. 同樣地,在聯邦的系統內,第五巡迴上訴法庭的一個決定對另外一個巡迴法院的上訴狀不產生任何的先例效果。