With thedevelopment of global bank market, the scale of banks kept expanding,the amount of transaction increased rapidly and the complexity of thebank management rose sharply.

• 随着全球银行市场的发展,银行规模的不断膨胀、银行交易金额的迅速放大、银行经营复杂程度的急剧提高,操作风险已经成为全球银行业风险管理日益重要的领域之一。