While many existing techniques (e.g., IP traceback) focus on tracking the location of the attackers after-the-fact, little is done to mitigate the effect of an attack while it is raging on.

• 许多现有的技术（如，IP反追踪技术）聚焦于攻击发生后追踪攻击者的位置，而几乎没有考虑在攻击发生时削弱攻击影响。