When his severe tremor became disabling, neural stem cells were removed during a single stereotactic craniotomy, expanded in vitro over several months, then transplanted in the left putamen.

• 当严重的颤抖导致残疾时，他经历了一次立体定位的颅骨切开手术。在手术中取走了他体内的一些神经干细胞，经过数月的体外增殖，然后移植到左侧壳核。