When a subsurface soil deposit liquefies, intact blocks of surficial soil can move downslope, or toward a vertical free face, even when the ground surface is nearly level.

• 一般而言，除了承载桥梁结构之垂直荷重外，井桩也会因为风力及地震力而受到侧向水平力的作用，因此有必要就井桩承受水平侧向荷重的行为进行探讨。