Umno and the MCA are both ethnic-based political parties. The biggest difference between them is that the former has the power to safeguard Malay rights and interest effectively.

• 巫统与马华同是为个别族群斗争的种族性政党，两党最大的不同点是，巫统当家也当权，这使它能很有效地维护马来人的权益。