Two forces during the backwashing, the sheer stress of water and the frictional stress between the particles of media, were studied and compared with the adhesion of biofilm.

• 研究了反冲洗过程中的两种颗粒脱附力：水流剪切力和颗粒间摩擦力，并将它们同颗粒附着力进行了比较。