Traditional accounts of deixis could not provide a convincing and comprehensive explanation for underlying motivating factors for the choice between demonstratives this and that.

• “指示”一直是语言哲学家和传统的语义学家极为关注却也十分头疼的问题，因为众多的哲学家仅从真实值的角度是无法解释指示词语的意义的。