I will refer to the patent situation. 专利的情况会在说明竞争产品时一并提出。
One who owns the patent right enjoys the exclusive right to exploit it. 持专利权的人享有实施这项专利的绝对权力。
A corporation is separate legal entity Chartered by the state. 股份有限公司是州政特许的独立的法律主体。
The institute is a branch of the National Academy of Sciences, an independent organization chartered by Congress to adise the goernment on scientific matters. 学会是国家科学专业研究机构的分支之一,是一个受国会特许的独立组织,为政府提供科学问题的建议和指导。