To study diffusion behaviors, secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) along with the Boltzmann-Matano inverse method is used to derive concentration-dependent diffusivity of H+ in Z-cut LiNbO3.

• 在扩散模型方面，以二次离子质谱仪纵深分析，搭配数值方法反推出氢离子于铌酸锂晶体中的浓度相依扩散率。