This sublunary sphere appeared no longer as a vale of tears, a place of painful pilgrimage to another world, but as affording opportunity for pagan delights, for fame and beauty and adventure.

• 拜占庭学者西行，西方学者得读柏拉图原作，识其真谛，此与读僧侣篡疏之本，迥然不同。昔者，人间是烦恼悲泣之地，居尘世者，必升入天堂，始离苦海。