This is called a stump speech.Writer William Safire says the expression is two hundred years old.He says candidates many years ago spoke while standing on the stump of a tree in front of a crowd.

• 不，这些候选都并不会相互栽赃，但是他们可能试图说一些不好的事情或通过具有欺骗性广告来破坏对手的好名声。