This chapter still expounds the English civil court systems and judges, the systems of grade jurisdiction, territorial jurisdiction, the specialized case jurisdiction and the referral of jurisdiction.

• 为了替下面的研究铺平道路，本部分还阐述了英国的民事法院系统和法官以及英国的级别管辖、地域管辖、专门案件管辖和移送管辖制度。