These smiling, frowning or winking faces, constructed from punctuation marks, compensate for the fact that in chat groups or e-mail all communication consists of typed words, devoid of expression or explanation.

• 在聊天组或电子邮件中，所有的交流都由打出的文字完成，没有任何表情或解释； 那些由标点符号构成的微笑、皱眉或眨眼等表情弥补了这一缺憾。