Thereout was the tributary system of Ming dynasty formed.In the Jiaqing Period, however, Emperor Shizong stiffly adhered to the refusal of trading with Mongolia.

• 但在嘉靖年间,明世宗顽固地拒绝和蒙古通贡互市,以至从嘉靖十一年(1532)以后,整个北边防线战争不断,终于酿成京城被围的“庚戌之变”。