The upper limit of Xiang Learning is Zhou Dunyi of the Song dynasty, and the lower limit of Xiang Learning is the end of the Qing dynasty.

• 湘学概念的范围上限应断自周敦颐，而其下限则应确定在清末民初，内容包括濂溪学、湖湘学、船山学以及近代湘学。