The status of philosophy as an independent intellectual pursuit is a relatively recent development.E) The role of philosophy in guiding intellectual speculation has gradually been usurped by science.

• 基于上述的分析，我们在做下面的主旨题时，采用的方法是：首先确定哪个选项与老观点直接相关，接着看它是否对老观点做出了取非。