The original forced conversion of pagan Livonia, what is now the Baltic states of Latvia and Estonia, was carried out by a military order known as the Brethren of the Sword.

• 在一个被称为“剑之兄弟”的军事头领的领导之下，最初以武力使那些信奉异教的立沃尼亚人（分布在现在波罗的海沿岸的拉脱维亚和爱沙尼亚）皈依了基督教。