The order of shade-tolerance from higher to lower was L. japonica, P. armeniace, F. susoensa, Q. liaotungensis, X. sobifolia, S. oblata, S. vulgaris, P. tabulaeformis, R. pseudoacacia and P. orientalis.

• 金银花、山杏、连翘、辽东栎、文冠果、丁香、臭柏、油松、侧柏、刺槐的耐荫性依次降低。