The notion of stealing presupposes the existence of property, but were A universalized, then there could be no property, and so the proposition has logically annihilated itself.

• 因为投资有一个很清楚地目的，就是令资产增值。如果没有知识的去盲目入市，就 不能达到这目的（in terms of expected NPV），所以就不是投资。Therefore，这是一个 logical contradiction （不道德的行为）。