The lack of empirical confirmation of the Hawking effect is particularly vexing in view of the disturbing fact that the theory has potential flaws, stemming from the infinite redshift that it predicts a photon will undergo.

• 缺乏经验实证的霍金效应，有一个恼人的阴影，特别教人心烦：其实，这个理论中有个潜在的瑕疵，就是光子会有无限大的红移。