The invention of the transistor and the miniaturization of circuits, along with the invention of electronic, magnetic, and optical media for the storage of information, resulted from advances in electrical engineering and physics.

• 晶体管的出现,电路微型化的实现,以及用以储存信息的电子、电磁属性和光学媒体的发明,都应归功于电子工学学和电子物理学的进步。