The exploit of heavy oil mainly through steam huff and puff and steam drive.But the casing will produce large heat stress for the injection of steam, and can make heavy casing failure.

• 稠油热采主要形式是蒸汽吞吐和蒸汽驱，但是蒸汽的注入使得套管产生热应力，套管损坏非常严重，很大程度上制约着注蒸汽开采稠油技术。