The essay has been the vehicle of literary and social criticism in some countries, while in others it became semipolitical, earnestly nationalistic, and often polemical, playful, or bitter.

• 随笔在某些国家是文学和社会评论的媒介，在其他国家则为半政治、十足国家主义感的文体，且常带有争论性、嬉笑或讥讽性。