The dilemma, Shapiro says, is that doctors must now often decide whether to give a lifesaving organ to a person who has lived a full life or to a younger patient with potentially more life to live.

• 夏皮罗说，令医生们进退两难的是他们通常要决定把一个救命的器官移植给活了一辈子的人还是给一个有潜力多活些年的年轻患者。