The cybernetic difference between an organism such as a pollywog and an ecosystem such as a fresh-water bog is that an organism is tightly bound, and strict;an ecosystem is loosely bound, and lax.

• 从控制论的角度看，象一条蝌蚪这样的有机体和一片淡水沼泽这样的生态系统之间的不同在于，单个有机体对内紧密束缚、严格控制，而一个生态系统对内则很宽松约束、不易控制。