The course covers productivity and biogeochemical cycles in ecosystems, trophic dynamics, community structure and stability, competition and predation, evolution and natural selection, population growth and physiological ecology.

• 课程包含生态系之生产力与生物地质化学循环、营养动力学、群落结构与稳定性、竞争与捕食、演化与天择、族群成长，及生理生态学。